Among- and within-species variability in fatty acid signatures of marine fish and invertebrates on the Scotian Shelf, Georges Bank, and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

نویسندگان

  • Suzanne M. Budge
  • Sara J. Iverson
  • W. Don Bowen
  • Robert G. Ackman
چکیده

The fat and fatty acid compositions of 28 species of fish and invertebrates (n = 954) from the Scotian Shelf, Georges Bank, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence were determined. Discriminant analysis of the 16 most numerous species (n ≥ 18 each), using 17 major fatty acids, classified species with greater than 98% accuracy and grouped species into three general clusters (gadids, flatfish, and planktivores) with similar fatty acid compositions, and likely, similar diets. A number of species exhibited changes in fatty acid signatures with increasing size (multivariate analysis of variance), which corresponded with known dietary shifts reported from stomach contents analyses. Location effects were also observed among the three major geographical regions and were probably due to broad-scale variations in prey assemblages and phytoplankton composition in the northwestern Atlantic. Despite these effects, within-species variation was still substantially less than among-species variation. Thus, fatty acid signatures can be used to distinguish and characterize fish and invertebrate species in a given ecosystem, as well as to study finer-scale trophic interactions of these species. These data also have applications at higher trophic levels and will serve as a prey database for studying the diets of other fish and marine mammal predators using fatty acid signatures. Résumé : On trouvera ici une analyse de la composition en graisses et en acides gras de 28 espèces de poissons et d’invertébrés (n = 954) de la plate-forme néo-écossaise, du banc George et du golfe du Saint-Laurent. Une analyse discriminante des 16 espèces les plus abondantes (nombre d’individus ≥ 18) basée sur 17 acides gras principaux classifie correctement les espèces avec une précision de 98 % et les rassemble en trois groupes généraux (les gadidés, les poissons plats et les planctonophages) qui possèdent des compositions en acides gras et probablement des régimes alimentaires similaires. Plusieurs espèces affichent un changement dans leurs signatures d’acides gras en fonction de la taille (analyse multidimensionnelle de variance), ce qui correspond à des variations du régime alimentaire déjà observées par l’analyse des contenus stomacaux. Il existe aussi des variations spatiales dans les trois principales régions géographiques, variations qui sont probablement dues à des différences à grande échelle dans les communautés de proies et la composition du phytoplancton dans le nord-ouest de l’Atlantique. Malgré ces effets, la variation intraspécifique est considérablement plus faible que la variation interspécifique. Les signatures d’acides gras peuvent donc être utilisées pour reconnaître et caractériser les espèces de poissons et d’invertébrés dans un écosystème donné, ainsi que pour étudier les interactions trophiques détaillées de ces espèces. Ces données peuvent s’appliquer aussi aux niveaux trophiques plus élevés et servir d’information de base sur les proies dans l’étude des régimes alimentaires d’autres poissons et mammifères marins prédateurs à l’aide des signatures d’acides gras. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Budge et al. 898

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تاریخ انتشار 2002